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| Diagram representing the Constitution of the Athenians in the IVth century BC |
The Greek phrase "περὶ τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων" translates to "about the people of Athens." It is a reference to the Athenian democracy, which was a direct democracy in which all citizens had a voice in government. The phrase can also be used more broadly to refer to the city of Athens itself, or to its culture and values.
Athenian democracy was based on the principle of isonomia, or equality before the law. All citizens, regardless of their wealth or social status, had the right to vote, to hold office, and to participate in government. The Athenians also believed in the importance of free speech and debate. They held frequent public assemblies, where citizens could discuss issues of public policy.
Athenian democracy was a success for many years. It helped to make Athens a powerful and prosperous city-state. However, it also had its weaknesses. It could be unstable, and it was vulnerable to the influence of demagogues. The Athenian democracy eventually fell to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC.
Isonomia - Wikipedia
Democracy and the rule of law in classical Athens by E. Harris
Aristote : Constitution d'Athènes (bilingue) trans by B. Haussoullier
Encyclopedia of The Ancient Greek World - Internet Archive
Athenian democracy: John Thorley- Internet Archive
Athenian democracy: Arnold Hugh Martin Jones - Internet Archive
The classical Athenian democracy: David L. Stockton,- Internet Archive
Pericles: the rise and fall of Athenian democracy Hamish Aird - Internet Archive
Nomos and the beginnings of the Athenian democracy: Martin Ostwald - Internet Archive
Areopagus | Athens, Ancient Greece, Lawmaking | Britannica
Boule | Definition, Ancient Greece, & Meaning | Britannica
References
DEMOCRACY Origins of democracy in ancient Greece.pdf
Politeia - Wikipedia
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Politeia - Internet Archive.
A Companion to Ancient Greek Government - Google Books
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Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle) - Wikipedia
Reimagining Greek Tragedy on the American Stage: Chapter 3: Democratizing Greek Tragedy - Google Books
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Constitution - Internet Archive
Constitution of the Athenians (Pseudo-Xenophon) - Wikipedia
Old Oligarch - Oxford Reference
The 'Old Oligarch': The Constitution of the Athenians Attributed to Xenophon - Google Books
The Republic by Plato (Gutenberg edition) - Wikisource
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Plato - Internet Archive
Pseudo-Xenophon (Old Oligarch), Constitution of the Atheneians
The Athenian Constitution; The Eudemian Ethics; On virtues and vices: Aristotle - Internet Archive
Athenian Constitution - Wikisource
The Dialogues of Plato - Wikisource
Polis
Polis - Wikipedia
Politeia
Politeia - Wikipedia
Ancient Greek Legal System
Fifth-century Athens
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth-century_Athens
Archon
Archon - Wikipedia
Eponymous archon - Wikipedia
Polemarch - Wikipedia
Archon basileus - Wikipedia
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Archon - Internet Archive
archon | ancient Greek magistrate | Britannica
Pericles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericles
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Pericles - Internet Archive
A commentary on Plutarch's Pericles : Stadter, Philip A - Internet Archive
Cimon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimon
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Cimon - Internet Archive
Ephialtes
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Ephialtes - Internet Archive
Alcibiades
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcibiades
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Alcibiades - Internet Archive
Alcmaeonidae
Alcmaeonidae - Wikipedia
Hippias (tyrant)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippias_%28tyrant%29
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Hippias - Internet Archive
Hipparchus (ruler of Athens)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipparchus_%28ruler_of_Athens%29
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Hipparchus - Internet Archive
Pisistratus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisistratus
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Pisistratus - Internet Archive
Cleisthenes
Cleisthenes - Wikipedia
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Cleisthenes - Internet Archive
Pritchard, D. (2004). Kleisthenes, Participation, and the Dithyrambic Contests of Late Archaic and Classical Athens. Phoenix, 58(3/4), 208–228. https://doi.org/10.2307/4135166
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4135166
Draco (lawgiver)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_%28lawgiver%29
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Draco - Internet Archive
Solon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solon
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Solon - Internet Archive
Solonian Constitution - Wikipedia
Seisachtheia - Wikipedia
Timocracy - Wikipedia
Aristocracy - Wikipedia
Mob rule (Ochlocracy) - Wikipedia
Areopagus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areopagus
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Areopagus - Internet Archive
Areopagite - Wiktionary
Ancient Agora of Athens
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Agora_of_Athens
Agora
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agora
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Agora - Internet Archive
Acropolis
Acropolis of Athens - Wikipedia
Acropolis - Wikipedia
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Acropolis Internet Archive
Parthenon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenon
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Parthenon - Internet Archive
Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού | Παρθενώνας
http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/2/gh251.jsp?obj_id=912
Pnyx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pnyx
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Pnyx - Internet Archive
Basileus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Basileus - Internet Archive
Tyrant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrant
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Tyrant - Internet Archive
Thirty Tyrants - Wikipedia
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Thirty Tyrants - Internet Archive
Critias
Critias - Wikipedia
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Critias - Internet Archive
Prytaneis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prytaneis
Prytaneion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prytaneion
Heliaia
Heliaia - Wikipedia
heliast - Wiktionary
Nomothetai
Nomothetai - Oxford Classical Dictionary
Bouleuterion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouleuterion
Arete
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arete
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Areté - Internet Archive
Boule (ancient Greece)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boule_%28ancient_Greece%29
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Boulé - Streaming : Internet Archive
Deme deme | ancient Greek government | Britannica
Deme - Wikipedia Phyle Phyle - Wikipedia Ecclesia (ancient Greece)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_%28ancient_Greece%29
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Ekklesia - Internet Archive
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Boulè
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boul%C3%A8
Boulé
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boul%C3%A9
Epistates
Epistates - Wikipedia
Bouletai
bouletai | ancient Greek government | Britannica
Proedroi
Proedroi - Oxford Reference
Smith, S. B. (1930). The Athenian Proedroi. Classical Philology, 25(3), 250–276. http://www.jstor.org/stable/262605
Areopagus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areopagus
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Areopagus - Internet Archive
Strategos
Strategos - Wikipedia
Slavery
Slavery in ancient Greece - Wikipedia
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Slavery - Internet Archive
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Slaves - Internet Archive
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Metic - Internet Archive
Helot
Helots - Wikipedia
Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Helot - Internet Archive
Paideia
Audio/Visual
The Truth About Ancient Greek Democracy : Brother Elias - Internet Archive
