Monday 22 August 2022

Ancient Greek Language

References

The Thesaurus Linguae Graecae: A Bibliographic Guide to the Canon of Greek Authors and Works (TLG®)
https://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/
Thesaurus Linguae Graecae - Maria C. Pantelia - Google Books
Thesaurus Linguae Graecae: Canon of Greek Authors and Works by Berkowitz, Luci - Internet Archive

Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics — Brill

A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language - Google Books

Ancient Greek Language - Classics - Oxford Bibliographies

Greek alphabet - Wikipedia

Greek numerals - Wikipedia

Attic calendar - Wikipedia

Olympiad - Wikipedia

Ancient Greek units of measurement - Wikipedia

Ancient Greek units of measurement - Wikipedia

Ancient Greek Coinage

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Social_classes_of_ancient_Athens

Plethron - Wikipedia

1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Greek Language - Wikisource

The Ancient Languages of Europe: Roger D. Woodard - Internet Archive

Bibliography of Ancient Greek Linguistics - The Digital Classicist Wiki

logeion.uchicago.edu/about - ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ database of Classical Greek and Latin Resources

Greek Grammar for Colleges: H.W. Smyth - Internet Archive

Greek Grammar for Colleges: H.W. Smyth - Internet Archive Rosetta Stone Project copy

Comparative Grammar of the Greek language: Wright, Joseph, - Internet Archive

A Series of First Lessons in Greek - Google Books

An Elementary Greek Grammar - Google Books J. Hamblin Smith

An Elementary Greek Grammar - Google Books Goodwin

The restored pronunciation of Greek and Latin : Arnold, Edward Vernon - Internet Archive

Syntax of Attic Greek : Thompson, Francis Edward- Internet Archive

Basil L. Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek

An Elementary Greek syntax : Francis Edward Thompson - Internet Archive

Greek Grammar: W.W. Goodwin - Internet Archive

A grammar of the Greek language: Curtius, Georg - Internet Archive

Greek Verb Aspect.

Greek verbs, irregular and defective; their forms, meaning and quantity: embracing all the tenses used by the Greek writers, with references to the passages in which they are found : Veitch, William- Internet Archive

English wiki-Ancient_Greek-20200725.pdf: Wikipedia - Internet Archive

A historical Greek grammar, chiefly of the Attic dialect by Jannaris, Antonius N. - Internet Archive

Elements of Greek Accentuation - Karl Wilhelm Goettling - Google Books

Teach Yourself Ancient Greek -  Internet Archive

Learn Ancient Greek: Jones, P. V.  - Internet Archive

Ancient Greek I: A 21st Century Approach: Philip S. Peek - Internet Archive

Athenaze : an introduction to ancient Greek Book 1 : Balme, M. G - Internet Archive
Athenaze : an introduction to ancient Greek Book 2 : Balme, M. G - Internet Archive

An introduction to ancient Greek: a literary approach: Luschnig, C. A. E.- Internet Archive

A Greek–English Lexicon - Wikipedia

Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon

Liddell and Scott - Google Books

Ancient Greek : Betts, Gavin - Internet Archive

Complete Ancient Greek : Betts, Gavin -: Internet Archive

Ancient Greek Dictionary Online Translation - LEXILOGOS

Ancient Greek Keyboard - Polytonic Diacritics - LEXILOGOS

An Essay on the Different Nature of Accent and Quantity, with their use and application in the English, Latin, and Greek languages: Foster, John - Internet Archive

S. Colvin: A Brief History Of Ancient Greek - Internet Archive

Greek: A History of Language and Its Speakers: Geoffrey Horrocks - Internet Archive
Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers - Geoffrey Horrocks - Google Books

The Prosody of Greek Speech - A.M. Devine, Laurence D Stephens - Google Books

Introduction – Ancient Greek for Everyone

Perseus Digital Library

Scaife Viewer Digital Library - Perseus

Wiktionary

Etymological Dictionary Of Greek: Robert S. P. Beekes - Internet Archive

History-of-the-Greek-Language: Francisco Rodríguez Adrados - Internet Archive

The Greek language : Thomson, George Derwent - Internet Archive

Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek language and linguistics

The new cultural atlas of the Greek world - Internet Archive

A history of ancient Greek: from the beginnings to late antiquity
AF Christidis, AP Christidēs, M Arapopoulou, M Chritē… - 2007 - books.google.com

A classical primer: ancient knowledge for modern minds : Crompton, Dan, - Internet Archive

Ψηφιακή Βιβλιοθήκη της Αρχαίας Ελληνικής Γραμματείας

The Brill dictionary of ancient Greek

Etymological Dictionary of Greek by Robert Beekes - Internet Archive

The Cambridge Greek Lexicon Volume 1 - Google Books
The Cambridge Greek Lexicon Volume 2 - Google Books

A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges: G. Autenrieth - Internet Archive

TLG - Home

TLG - Abridged

Language and History in Ancient Greek Culture

M Ostwald - Language and History in Ancient Greek Culture, 2011 - degruyter.com




   Attic Aeolic Doric Ionic

Ancient Greek Dialects Map - Wikimedia Commons

Introduction to the study of the Greek dialects : grammar, selected inscriptions, glossary : Buck, Carl Darling - Internet Archive
Greek language - Wikipedia

Proto-Greek language - Wikipedia

Koine Greek - Wikipedia

Hellenic languages - Wikipedia

List of Greek phrases (mostly ancient Greek) - Search results - Wikipedia

Mycenaean Greek - Wikipedia


Greek alphabet - Wikipedia

Romanization of Greek - Wikipedia

Grecs du roi - Wikipedia

Porson (typeface) - Wikipedia

Bibliotheca Teubneriana - Wikipedia Typeface

Philological Tools Help Perseus Project

The Literate Revolution in Greece and Its Cultural Consequences - Eric Alfred Havelock - Google Books


Written texts and the rise of literate culture in ancient Greece - Internet Archive
Written Texts and the Rise of Literate Culture in Ancient Greece - Google Books

How to Learn Ancient Greek: The Ranieri-Roberts Approach - YouTube


Internet Archive Machine: Search for The Greek Dialects



Tragedy and the use of the Doric Dialect

The origin of the use of the Doric dialect in Greek tragedy is a matter of debate. Some scholars believe that it is a remnant of the original form of tragedy, which was developed in the Dorian Peloponnese. Others believe that it was a deliberate choice by the tragic poets, who wanted to create a more emotional and passionate style of drama.

There is some evidence to support both of these theories. The earliest surviving tragedies, such as those of Aeschylus, do use a number of Doric forms, especially in the choral passages. However, the use of Doric gradually declined over time, and by the time of Euripides, the Attic dialect was the norm.

One possible explanation for this is that the Attic dialect was becoming increasingly dominant in Athens, and the tragic poets wanted to appeal to a wider audience. Another possibility is that the Doric dialect was becoming associated with a more archaic and traditional style of drama, and the tragic poets wanted to create something that was more modern and innovative.

Ultimately, the reason why the Doric dialect was used in Greek tragedy is a mystery. However, it is clear that it played an important role in the development of this genre, and it continues to be a fascinating topic of study for scholars today.

Here are some additional points to consider:

  • The Doric dialect was spoken in many parts of Greece, including the Peloponnese, Crete, and Sicily. It was also the dialect of Sparta, which was a major cultural and political centre in ancient Greece.
  • The Doric dialect was known for its strong rhythms and its use of assonance and alliteration. These features may have appealed to the tragic poets, who wanted to create a sense of excitement and drama in their plays.
  • The Doric dialect was also associated with the worship of Dionysus, the god of wine and revelry. This may have been another reason why the tragic poets chose to use it, as Dionysus was also the patron god of tragedy.

Whatever the reason, the use of the Doric dialect in Greek tragedy is a distinctive feature of this genre. It helps to create a sense of time and place, and it also contributes to the emotional and passionate tone of the plays.


Friday 4 February 2022

Death in Classical Greece

 References

"Reading" Greek Death - Google Books

Aspects of Death in Early Greek Art and Poetry - Google Books

Hades - Oxford Reference

Persephone/Kore - Oxford Reference

Cerberus - Oxford Reference

Plutus - Oxford Reference

Eleusis - Oxford Reference

Eleusis and the Eleusinian Mysteries - Google Books
Eleusis and the Eleusinian Mysteries : Mylonas, George E, - Internet Archive
Bronze Age Eleusis and the Origins of the Eleusinian Mysteries - Google Books
The Eleusinian Mysteries and Rites - Google Books

Eleusinia - Oxford Reference

Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece Afterlife Internet Archive
Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece Hades - Internet Archive
Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece Burial Practices - Internet Archive
Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece Death - Internet Archive
Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece Cult of the Dead - Internet Archive

Rituals of Death and Dying in Modern and Ancient Greece - Google Books

Psyche: The Cult of Souls and the Belief in Immortality among the Greeks - Google Books

Ancient Greek funeral and burial practices - Wikipedia

Funeral oration (ancient Greece) - Wikipedia

The Oxford Classical Dictionary 3rd Edition Revised - Internet Archive

Internet Archive Search: Oxford Classical Dictionary and other Oxford References


Thanatos - Wikipedia

The Athenian Funeral Orations - Google Books

Marriage to death: the conflation of wedding and funeral rituals in Greek tragedy: Rehm, Rush - Internet Archive

Hame, K. J. (2008). Female Control of Funeral Rites in Greek Tragedy: Klytaimestra, Medea, and Antigone. Classical Philology, 103(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1086/590091 https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/590091


Saturday 29 January 2022

The Political System (Its Constitution and Democracy) of Classical Athens


Diagram representing the Constitution of the Athenians in the IVth century BC
Diagram representing the Constitution of the Athenians in the IVth century BC


The Greek phrase "περὶ τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων" translates to "about the people of Athens." It is a reference to the Athenian democracy, which was a direct democracy in which all citizens had a voice in government. The phrase can also be used more broadly to refer to the city of Athens itself, or to its culture and values.
Athenian democracy was based on the principle of isonomia, or equality before the law. All citizens, regardless of their wealth or social status, had the right to vote, to hold office, and to participate in government. The Athenians also believed in the importance of free speech and debate. They held frequent public assemblies, where citizens could discuss issues of public policy.
Athenian democracy was a success for many years. It helped to make Athens a powerful and prosperous city-state. However, it also had its weaknesses. It could be unstable, and it was vulnerable to the influence of demagogues. The Athenian democracy eventually fell to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC.

Isonomia - Wikipedia

Democratic Law in Classical Athens - Google Books by Michael Gagarin

Democracy and the rule of law in classical Athens by E. Harris

Athenian democracy a sourcebook: Luca Asmonti- Internet Archive
The classical Athenian democracy: David L. Stockton,- Internet Archive
Pericles: the rise and fall of Athenian democracy Hamish Aird - Internet Archive

Nomos and the beginnings of the Athenian democracy: Martin Ostwald - Internet Archive

References

DEMOCRACY Origins of democracy in ancient Greece.pdf

Politeia - Wikipedia

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Politeia - Internet Archive.

A Companion to Ancient Greek Government - Google Books

Athenian democracy - Wikipedia

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Democracy - Internet Archive

Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle) - Wikipedia

Reimagining Greek Tragedy on the American Stage: Chapter 3: Democratizing Greek Tragedy - Google Books

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Constitution - Internet Archive

Constitution of the Athenians (Pseudo-Xenophon) - Wikipedia

Old Oligarch - Oxford Reference

The Republic by Plato (Gutenberg edition) - Wikisource

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Plato - Internet Archive

Pseudo-Xenophon (Old Oligarch), Constitution of the Atheneians

The Athenian Constitution; The Eudemian Ethics; On virtues and vices: Aristotle - Internet Archive

Athenian Constitution - Wikisource

The Dialogues of Plato - Wikisource

Polis

Polis - Wikipedia

Politeia

Politeia - Wikipedia

Ancient Greek Legal System

Ancient Greek Legal System

Fifth-century Athens

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth-century_Athens


Archon

Archon - Wikipedia

Eponymous archon - Wikipedia

Polemarch - Wikipedia

Archon basileus - Wikipedia

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world  Archon - Internet Archive

archon | ancient Greek magistrate | Britannica

Pericles

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericles

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Pericles - Internet Archive

A commentary on Plutarch's Pericles : Stadter, Philip A - Internet Archive

Cimon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimon

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Cimon - Internet Archive

Ephialtes

Ephialtes - Wikipedia

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Ephialtes - Internet Archive

Alcibiades

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcibiades

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Alcibiades - Internet Archive

Alcmaeonidae

Alcmaeonidae - Wikipedia
Hippias (tyrant)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippias_%28tyrant%29

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Hippias - Internet Archive

Hipparchus (ruler of Athens)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipparchus_%28ruler_of_Athens%29

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Hipparchus - Internet Archive

Pisistratus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisistratus

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Pisistratus - Internet Archive

Cleisthenes

Cleisthenes - Wikipedia

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Cleisthenes - Internet Archive

Pritchard, D. (2004). Kleisthenes, Participation, and the Dithyrambic Contests of Late Archaic and Classical Athens. Phoenix58(3/4), 208–228. https://doi.org/10.2307/4135166 
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4135166

Draco (lawgiver)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_%28lawgiver%29

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Draco - Internet Archive

Solon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solon

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Solon - Internet Archive

Solonian Constitution - Wikipedia

Seisachtheia - Wikipedia

Timocracy - Wikipedia

Aristocracy - Wikipedia

Mob rule (Ochlocracy) - Wikipedia

Areopagus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areopagus

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Areopagus - Internet Archive

Areopagite - Wiktionary

Ancient Agora of Athens

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Agora_of_Athens

Agora

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agora

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Agora - Internet Archive

Acropolis

Acropolis of Athens - Wikipedia

Acropolis - Wikipedia

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Acropolis Internet Archive


Parthenon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenon

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Parthenon - Internet Archive

Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού | Παρθενώνας

http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/2/gh251.jsp?obj_id=912

Pnyx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pnyx

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Pnyx - Internet Archive

Basileus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileus

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Basileus - Internet Archive

Tyrant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrant

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Tyrant - Internet Archive

Thirty Tyrants - Wikipedia

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Thirty Tyrants - Internet Archive

Critias

Critias - Wikipedia

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Critias - Internet Archive

Prytaneis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prytaneis

Prytaneion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prytaneion

Heliaia

Heliaia - Wikipedia

heliast - Wiktionary

Nomothetai

Nomothetai - Oxford Classical Dictionary

Bouleuterion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouleuterion

Arete
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arete

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Areté - Internet Archive

Boule (ancient Greece)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boule_%28ancient_Greece%29

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Boulé - Streaming : Internet Archive

Deme deme | ancient Greek government | Britannica

Deme - Wikipedia Phyle Phyle - Wikipedia Ecclesia (ancient Greece)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_%28ancient_Greece%29

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Ekklesia - Internet Archive

The Athenian Ecclesia - Google Books

Boulè

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boul%C3%A8

Boulé

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boul%C3%A9

Epistates

Epistates - Wikipedia

Bouletai

bouletai | ancient Greek government | Britannica
Proedroi Proedroi - Oxford Reference Smith, S. B. (1930). The Athenian Proedroi. Classical Philology25(3), 250–276. http://www.jstor.org/stable/262605 Areopagus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areopagus

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Areopagus - Internet Archive

Strategos

Strategos - Wikipedia
Slavery

Slavery in ancient Greece - Wikipedia

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Slavery - Internet Archive

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Slaves - Internet Archive

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Metic - Internet Archive

Helot

Helots - Wikipedia

Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world Helot - Internet Archive

Paideia

Paideia - Wikipedia

Audio/Visual

The Truth About Ancient Greek Democracy : Brother Elias - Internet Archive

Friday 14 January 2022

Reference Works on Classical Athenian Democracy

 


Athenian Constitution by Aristotle  - Wikisource

Boegehold, A. L. (1963). Toward a Study of Athenian Voting Procedure. Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 32(4), 366–374. https://doi.org/10.2307/147360 https://www.jstor.org/stable/147360
Athenian Democracy A.H.M Jones
https://archive.org/details/atheniandemocrac0000jone/mode/1up?view=theater
https://archive.org/details/atheniandemocrac013504mbp/page/n6/mode/1up?view=theater

Athenian Democracy. United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2004. Edited by P.J.Rhodes
https://bit.ly/3nqnDmK
Athenian Democracy - Google Books https://bit.ly/3Ke7xXm

Christopher Carey. Democracy in Classical Athens - Google Books https://bit.ly/3npuYTK

Democracy : a life : Cartledge, Paul - Internet Archive

Athenian Democracy An Experiment For The Ages
by Abdzex_Kuban
https://archive.org/details/athenian-democracy-an-experiment-for-the-ages/mode/1up?view=theater

The Concise Encyclopedia of Democracy
https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000unse_g9p0/mode/1up?view=theater

Robin Osborne. Athens and Athenian Democracy. Cambridge University Press, 2010. - Google Books https://bit.ly/34BYb7l

Athens and Athenian democracy : Osborne, Robin - Internet Archive

Rhodes, P. J. (1980). Athenian Democracy after 403 B.C. The Classical Journal, 75(4), 305–323. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3297282

RHODES, P. J. (2013). THE ORGANIZATION OF ATHENIAN PUBLIC FINANCE. Greece & Rome, 60(2), 203–231. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43297472

Asmonti, Luca. Athenian Democracy: A Sourcebook. India, Bloomsbury Academic, 2015.
Athenian Democracy: A Sourcebook - Google Books https://bit.ly/3toDC8J

The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes : Mogens Herman Hansen - Internet Archive
The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes - Google Books

Athenian democracy by John Thorley - Internet Archive https://bit.ly/3fogJu2
Athenian Democracy - Google Books https://bit.ly/3Afrdpn

David Pritchard. Athenian Democracy at War - Google Books https://bit.ly/3A8x8wb

The classical Athenian democracy by David L. Stockton - Internet Archive https://bit.ly/3flyY3l

Aristotle's history of Athenian democracy by James Hoffman Day - Internet Archive https://bit.ly/31W2KbF

Pericles : the rise and fall of Athenian democracy by Hamish Aird - Internet Archive https://bit.ly/3zVBWVI

The Ancient Greeks by Chester G. Starr - Internet Archive https://bit.ly/3nq8mCD

Eric W, Robinson. Democracy Beyond Athens - Google Books https://bit.ly/34JgeIQ

The Athenian Revolution : essays on ancient Greek democracy and political theory by Josiah Ober - Internet Archive https://bit.ly/3tGZDQD

Democracy and Knowledge by Josiah Ober - Google Books https://bit.ly/3Gyj1To

Pericles of Athens and the birth of democracy by Donald Kagan - Internet Archive https://bit.ly/3tqb1Qw

Mill on Democracy : from the Athenian polis to representative government by Nadia Urbinati - Internet Archive https://bit.ly/3qqN5dR

Origins of Democracy in Ancient Greece


Audio/Visual

16 - Athenian Democracy by Donald Kagan - Internet Archive https://bit.ly/3rgoHLo



Search

https://archive.org/search.php?query=Athenian%20Democracy

Internet Archive Search: Athenian Democracy Rhodes