Thursday, 27 July 2023

Eleusinian Mysteries and other Mystery Cults

It can be surmised that over time in parallel with the rise of mystery cults with their promises of salvation and personal connection to the divine which challenged the worship of the Olympian pantheon. Ancient Greek theatre mirrored this by featuring myths less familiar to the masses, hinting at a more diverse and individualised religious landscape. Many Ancient Greek plays mirror this change by concerning themselves with the psychological and internal moral struggles of individuals. 


References

Eleusinian Mysteries - Wikipedia

HellenicGods.org - Glossary of the Eleusinian Mysteries

THE ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIES - Web Archive

Eleusis and the Eleusinian Mysteries: Mylonas, George E - Internet Archive

Iacchus - Wikipedia
IACCHUS (Iakkhos) - Greek God of the Ritual Cry of the Eleusinian Mysteries


Priestess of Demeter and Kore - Wikipedia

myEleusis - The City Eleusinion - Το Εν Άστει Ελευσίνιο

Myth and Cult: The Iconography of the Eleusinian Mysteries: The Martin P. Nilsson Lectures on Greek Religion, delivered 19-21 November 1990 at the Swedish Institute at Athens : Clinton, Kevin - Internet Archive

Myth and Cult: The Iconography of the Eleusinian Mysteries - Kevin Clinton - Google Books

Portrait of a Priestess: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece - Joan Breton Connelly - Google Books

Eleusis; Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter: Karl Kerényi - Internet Archive

The Road to Eleusis: Unveiling the Secret of the Mysteries - R. Gordon Wasson, Albert Hofmann, Carl A. P. Ruck - Google Books
The Road to Eleusis : Unveiling the Secret of the Mysteries : Wasson, R. Gordon (Robert Gordon), 1898-1986 - Internet Archive

Bronze Age Eleusis and the Origins of the Eleusinian Mysteries - Michael B. Cosmopoulos - Google Books

Mystery Cults in the Ancient World - Hugh Bowden - Google Books
Mystery cults of the ancient world : Bowden, Hugh - Internet Archive


THE ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIES AND RITES - Dudley Wright - Google Books

Goddesses, whores, wives and slaves: women in classical antiquity: Sarah Pomeroy - Internet Archive

Keller, M. L. (1988). The Eleusinian Mysteries of Demeter and Persephone: Fertility, Sexuality, and Rebirth. Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 4(1), 27–54. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25002068

myEleusis - Blog


Demeter in Attica -RMA Thesis Elselijn Baan.pdf

Persephone and the Pomegranate Seeds

In Greek mythology, pomegranate seeds play an important role in the story of Persephone's abduction by Hades, the god of the underworld. While gathering flowers in a meadow, Persephone was lured into a chasm that Hades had opened in the earth. He carried her down into his kingdom in the underworld, where he made her his queen.

Demeter, Persephone's mother and the goddess of agriculture was distraught at her daughter's disappearance. She refused to allow the earth to produce any crops until Persephone was returned to her. Zeus, the king of the gods, intervened and ordered Hades to release Persephone.

Because Hades had tricked Persephone into eating six pomegranate seeds whilst she was in the underworld Zeus overruled Hades. Anyone who had had any kind of meal in Hades' underworld had to spend all eternity there. This meant that she was now eternally bound to him by marriage. Subsequently an agreement struck between Zeus and Hades due to the specific circumstance of Persephone's consumption of the pomegranate seeds she was to spend only a few months each year in Hades' kingdom.

The number of months that Persephone spends in the underworld varies depending on the source. In some versions of the myth, she spends four months in the underworld, while in others she spends six months. These months correspond to the autumn and winter seasons when the earth is dormant.

The pomegranate is a symbol of life, regeneration, and marriage. By eating the pomegranate seeds, Persephone was bound to Hades and the underworld. This reflects the cyclical nature of life and death, and the fact that the earth must die in order to be reborn.

The pomegranate is also a symbol of fertility and abundance. The many seeds inside the pomegranate represent the potential for new life. This is why the pomegranate is often associated with Persephone, who is the goddess of spring and new growth.

The myth of Persephone and the pomegranate seeds is a reminder that death is a part of life. However, it also teaches us that even in the darkest of times, there is always hope for renewal.



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