Saturday, 26 August 2023

Spectators & Did Women attend the Theatre in Ancient Greek Classical Times [5th century BC]?

A.E. Haigh (1898) in The Attic theatre  p. 363-368. wrote:-
The Attic Theatre: A Description of the Stage and Theatre of the Athenians, and of the Dramatic Arthur Elam Haigh - Internet Archive
"And the old Attic comedy was pervaded by a coarseness which makes it utterly unfit for boys and women."

The Dramatic Festivals of Athens (2nd Edition 1968 Revised by J. Gould and D. M. Lewis): Arthur Wallace Pickard-Cambridge - Internet Archive - Chapter VI The Audience pp 268-85.
[Discusses the evidence for women & children's attendance at the theatre in Ancient Athens
]

S. Goldhill, ' Representing Democracy: Women at the Great Dionysia ', in R. Osborne and S. Hornblower (edd.), Ritual, Finance, Politics: Athenian Democratic Accounts Presented to David Lewis (Oxford, 1994), Chapter 21: pp. 347-69

Kitto repeats this in his book on p.233 in 
The Greeks - Internet Archive
"And the old Attic comedy was pervaded by a coarseness which makes it utterly unfit for boys and women." 
Plato, Laws, Book 2, section 658d says that educated women preferred tragedies to comedies.

Plato, Gorgias, section 502d

Socrates:
Then it must be a rhetorical public speaking or do you not think that the poets use rhetoric in the theaters?

Callicles:
Yes, I do.

Socrates:
So now we have found a kind of rhetoric addressed to such a public as is compounded of children and women and men, and slaves as well as free; an art that we do not quite approve of, since we call it a flattering one.

Aristophanes says in Thesmophoriazusae. Line 1228 where in the exodus to the play the Chorus Leader implies "like good honest women, we each go straight to our own home after the play."
Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae, line 1226-

Leader of the Chorus:

Go your way! and a pleasant journey to you! But our sports have lasted long enough; it is time for each of us to be off home; and may the two goddesses reward us for our labours!

References

IVBi - The Athenian Audience in the Fifth and Fourth century
Sources (122-173B) - Composition of the Audience, Theorikon and Entrance Fees, Seating Arrangements, Behavior pp. 290-305 

Audiences at the Greek Tragic Plays - Major Reference Works - Wiley Online Library

The Cambridge Companion to Greek Tragedy - The Audience of Athenian Tragedy - Internet Archive

Henderson, J. (1991). Women and the Athenian Dramatic Festivals. Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974-), 121, 133–147. https://doi.org/10.2307/284448 https://www.jstor.org/stable/284448

Dionysos, étude sur l'organisation matérielle du théâtre athénien: Octave Navarre - Internet Archive
CHAPITRE XIII : LE PUBLIC
§ 78 pp. 230-236 Les femmes étaient elles admiises au théâtre?

Utrum mulieres Athenienses scaenicos ludos spectaverint necne: Octave Navarre - Internet Archive

Henderson, J. (1991). Women and the Athenian Dramatic Festivals. Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974-), 121, 133–147. https://www.jstor.org/stable/284448
HUGHES, A. (2008). “AI DIONYSIAZUSAI”: WOMEN IN GREEK THEATRE. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, 51, 1–27. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4364670
The People of Aristophanes: a sociology of old Attic comedy: Victor Ehrenberg - Internet Archive Was Ancient Greek Theater Only for Men? - Classical Wisdom Weekly
Was Ancient Greek Theater Only for Men? – Classical Wisdom Weekly - MENADEL PSICOLOGÍA Clínica y Tradicional.
Katz, M. A. (1998). Did the Women of Ancient Athens Attend the Theater in the Eighteenth Century? Classical Philology, 93(2), 105–124. http://www.jstor.org/stable/270354
A.J. Podlecki COULD WOMEN ATTEND THE THEATER IN ANCIENT ATHENS, A COLLECTION OF TESTIMONIALS Ancient World, 1990 - ARES PUBL INC Vol XXI

Publics and Audiences in Ancient Greece: 2013 by David Roselli
https://core.ac.uk/works/10281526

Theater of the People: Spectators and Society in Ancient Athens Chapter 5 Women and the Theater Audience - David Kawalko Roselli - Google Books

Social Class: 2014 by David Roselli
https://core.ac.uk/works/10281170

Theatre of the People: Spectators and Society in Ancient Athens - David Kawalko Roselli - Google Books
https://archive.org/details/theaterofpeoples0000rose/page/n5/mode/1up?view=theater

The Attic Theatre: A.E Haigh - Internet Archive Chapter VII The Audience 

The Ecclesiazusae of Aristophanes tr by Benjamin Bickley Rogers - Internet Archive pp. xxix-xxxv

Encyclopedia of Women in the Ancient World edited by Joyce E. Salisbury - Internet Archive


Aristophanic Comedy: Dover, K. J. -  Internet Archive p.17

Katz, M. (1992). Ideology and “The Status of Women” in Ancient Greece. History and Theory, 31(4), 70–97. https://doi.org/10.2307/2505416 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2505416

HUGHES, A. (2008). “AI DIONYSIAZUSAI”: WOMEN IN GREEK THEATRE. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, 51, 1–27. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43646704

HARDWICK, L. (2013). THE PROBLEM OF THE SPECTATORS: ANCIENT AND MODERN. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement, 126, 11–26. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44216377.

The Attic Theatre (3rd edition) - Chapter 8 Audience: A.E Haigh revised by A. W. Pickard-Cambridge - Internet Archive

The Dramatic Festivals Of Athens by Arthur Pickard-Cambridge - Internet Archive
Chapter VI • The Audience
1. Number in the audience p. 263
2. Women and children in the audience pp. 263-5
3. Payment for admission. The theorikon pp, 265-8
4. Prohedria and reserved seats pp. 268-70
5. Theatre tickets pp. 270-2
6. Behaviour of the audience pp. 272-3
7. Attitudes and taste pp. 274-8

Did the Women of Ancient Athens Attend the Theater in the Eighteenth Century? | Semantic Scholar
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/449382

Zeitlin, F. I. (1985). Playing the Other: Theater, Theatricality, and the Feminine in Greek Drama. Representations, 11, 63–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/2928427 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2928427

An Introduction to the Greek Theatre by Peter Arnott - Internet Archive

Cross-dressing - Oxford Classical Dictionary

Zeitlin, F. I. (1985). Playing the Other: Theater, Theatricality, and the Feminine in Greek Drama. Representations, 11, 63–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/2928427 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2928427

Playing The Other: Gender And Society In Classical Greek Literature University Of Chicago Press (1996) : Froma I. Zeitlin, Catharine R. Stimpson (foreword) - Internet Archive

Women in Ancient Greece - World History Encyclopedia

Richter, D. C. (1971). The Position of Women in Classical Athens. The Classical Journal, 67(1), 1–8. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3295512

Internet Archive: Search for Women in Ancient Greece

Women in Ancient Greece: Sue Blundell - Internet Archive

Lysistrata by Aristophanes - Commentary 3 pp. 98-109 by Sarah Ruden on Athenian Women - Internet Archive

PRITCHARD, D. M. (2014). THE POSITION OF ATTIC WOMEN IN DEMOCRATIC ATHENS. Greece & Rome, 61(2), 174–193. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43297497

No comments:

Post a Comment