Thursday, 9 March 2017

Aulos

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Aulos Player

Aulos Player: Altes Museum Berlin



Aulos, an oboe-like reed wind instrument, often with two pipes. It was sometimes mistakenly called and translated by the word flute in books and articles on ancient Greece which it is not. It was more akin to an oboe.

Ancient Greeks used cane (called Kalamos: Arundo Donax) to make flutes, known as kalamavlos (καλάμαυλος) ; this is a compound word, from kalamos (cane) + avlos (flute). At the time, the best cane for flutes and pan-pipes came from the banks of river Kephissos, in Attica, Greece

Ancient Greek dramatic festivals were not just theatrical spectacles but were also music and dance ones. Almost every tragedy featured a chorus comprising twelve or fifteen choreutai (members of a chorus) accompanied by an instrumentalist, principally a player on the aulos, an aulete. Between intervals of speech and dialogue performed by the actors, the chorus would sing and dance for the audience. The chorēgos (the leader of the chorus) was responsible for recruiting, training, maintaining, and costuming of  the choreutai for competitive performance at the festival. The chorēgos (the leader of the chorus) who was just the financier was not the same as the leader of the chorus during the actual dancing, who was called a coryphaeus.

Aulos - Wikipedia

Sipsi - Wikipedia

Phorbeia. A leather strap worn by an aulos player [aulete] to avoid excessive strain on the lips and cheeks due to continuous blowing.

Phorbeia – Wikipedia (deutsch)

https://www.ancient.eu/Aulos/

https://www.ancient.eu/Marsyas/

Phorminx - Wikipedia

Cithara - Wikipedia

Lyre - Wikipedia

Barbiton - Wikipedia

Prosody (Greek) - Wikipedia

Iambic trimeter - Wikipedia



References

Internet Archive: Search for Aulos

The Context of Ancient Drama (1995): Eric Csapo and William J. Slater - Internet Archive
Chapter IVC. Music pp. 331 - 348
Sources pp. 334- 348: Speech, Song and Recitative; Old Music and New Music; The Ideology of Modes and Genera; Choral Song to Actor's Monody; 

The Greek aulos; a study of its mechanism and of its relation to the modal system of ancient Greek music. Followed by a survey of the Greek harmoniai in survival or rebirth in folk-music : Schlesinger, Kathleen - Internet Archive

Princeton encyclopedia of poetry and poetics - Internet Archive

A Companion to Ancient Greek and Roman Music - Google Books

Music in Classical Greek Drama - A Companion to Ancient Greek and Roman Music - Wiley Online Library

Music and Memory in the Ancient Greek and Roman Worlds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press | Lauren Curtis and Naomi Weiss - Academia.edu

Greek and Roman Musical Studies - Internet Archive
Greek and Roman Musical Studies - Internet Archive

Thomson, G. (1992). Greek Lyric Meter (Cambridge, 1929). Literacy and Orality in Ancient Greece.

Wysłucha, K., & Hagel, S. (2023). The Mouthpiece of the Aulos Revisited, Greek and Roman Musical Studies (published online ahead of print 2023). doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/22129758-bja10062
[Open Access]




Metrik der griechischen Dramatiker und Lyriker II : Rossbach, August, 1823-1898  - Internet Archive https://bit.ly/3aIwxTM

Metrik der griechischen Dramatiker und Lyriker III : Rossbach, August, 1823-1898  - Internet Archive https://bit.ly/3aIGGzL

Leonard Whibley (1905). A Companion to Greek Studies. Metre: CUP Archive. pp. 734–. 
A companion to Greek studies; edited for the syndics of the University Press : Whibley, Leonard - Internet Archive pp. 734-
M. L. West (1 October 1992). Ancient Greek Music. Clarendon Press. pp. 81–. ISBN 978-0-19-158685-9.
West 1992 Ancient Greek Music - Internet Archive

Mousikē and Mythos: The Role of Choral Performance in Later Euripidean Tragedy by Naomi Alison Weiss PhD. Thesis Univeristy of Berkeley

M.C. Howatson (22 August 2013). The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature. Chorus: OUP Oxford. pp. 143–. ISBN 978-0-19-954855-2.

The lyric poems of Greek tragedy : Parry, Hugh, - Internet Archive

Aulos and Harp: Questions of Pitch and Tonality
Stefan Hagel

Hagel, Stefan. (2014). Better understanding the Louvre Aulos. Studien zur Musikarchäologie. 9. 131–142.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316277175_Better_understanding_the_Louvre_Aulos

Ancient Greek Music
Stefan Hagel

Stefan Hagel (17 December 2009). Ancient Greek Music: A New Technical History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-47981-3.

Hagel, Stefan. “Twenty-Four in Auloi. Aristotle, Met. 1093b, the Harmony of the Spheres, and the Formation of the Perfect System.” Isbn (2005): n. pag. Print. https://bit.ly/2TKTJhb

Aristotle on the Power of Music in Tragedy

2011 A. Hughes Performing Greek Comedy


Hughes, A. (2011). Music in comedy. Performing Greek Comedy  (pp. 95-105). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511920820.006

Wilson, Peter. "The aulos in Athens" Chapter 3 in .
Simon Goldhill; Robin Osborne (13 June 1999). Performance Culture and Athenian Democracy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-0-521-64247-7.

Chapter 4 Actor's Song in Tragedy by Edith Hall
 
The Rejection of the Aulos in Classical Greece
https://archive.org/details/musiccivilizatio0000unse/page/203/mode/1up

Diplica

The Reconstruction of Ancient Greek auloi
J. G. Landels
World Archaeology
Vol. 12, No. 3, Archaeology and Musical Instruments (Feb., 1981), pp. 298-302
Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/124241

The Αὐλός or Tibia
Albert A. Howard
Harvard Studies in Classical Philology
Vol. 4 (1893), pp. 1-60
Published by: Department of the Classics, Harvard University
DOI: 10.2307/310399
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/310399

An Early Fifth-Century Athenian Revolution in Aulos Music
Robert W. Wallace
Harvard Studies in Classical Philology
Vol. 101 (2003), pp. 73-92
Published by: Department of the Classics, Harvard University
DOI: 10.2307/3658525
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3658525
Ancient Greek Music Collection - Internet Archive

A Newly Discovered Aulos
J. G. Landels
The Annual of the British School at Athens
Vol. 63 (1968), pp. 231-238
Published by: British School at Athens
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30103192

Landels, J. (1963). The Brauron aulos. The Annual of the British School at Athens, 58 , 116-119. doi:10.1017/S0068245400013824

(PDF) Traces of Folk Music in Ancient Greek Drama | Eleonora Rocconi - Academia.edu https://bit.ly/2H2dtqb

Giulio Colesanti; Laura Lulli (7 March 2016). Case Studies. E. Rocconni: Traces of Folk Music in Ancient Greek Drama: De Gruyter. pp. 339–. ISBN 978-3-11-042863-6.

Auloi grecs du Louvre
A Bélis - Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, 1984 - persee.fr
Annie Bélis. "Aulos." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press,
http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/01532.

La phorbéia
A Bélis - Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, 1986 - persee.fr
M. L. West (1992). Ancient Greek Music. Chapter 4: Wind and Percussion: Clarendon Press. pp. 81–. ISBN 978-0-19-158685-9.

III. Fragments d'auloi
A Bélis - Bulletin de correspondance hellénique. Supplément, 1984 - persee.fr
L'Aulos Phrygien
Annie Bélis
Revue Archéologique
Nouvelle Série, Fasc. 1 (1986), pp. 21-40
Published by: Presses Universitaires de France
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41736329

L'aulète et le jeu de l'oie
A Bélis - Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, 1992 - persee.fr
The Reconstruction of Ancient Greek auloi
J. G. Landels
World Archaeology
Vol. 12, No. 3, Archaeology and Musical Instruments (Feb., 1981), pp. 298-302
Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/124241

Professional Musicians in Ancient Greece
J. A. Kemp
Greece & Rome
Vol. 13, No. 2 (Oct., 1966), pp. 213-222
Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Classical Association
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/642604


Aristotle, "Poetics" 1447a13-16 and Musical Contests
Andrea Rotstein
Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
Bd. 149 (2004), pp. 39-42
Published by: Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn (Germany)
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20191884

Barnaby Brown
The Workshop of Dionysus
Theatre auloi | The Workshop of Dionysus

The Lost Classics - History Today by Alexander Lee Volume 68 Issue 4 April 2018
 YouTube

 1. The Aulos - YouTube
2. The AULOS - a progress report - YouTube

Ancient Greek music: now we finally know what it sounded like
Rediscovering Ancient Greek Music (2017) - Youtube

Alexander Lee | Published in History Today Volume 68 Issue 4 April 2018
The Lost Classics | History Today


Stefan Hagel (17 December 2009). Ancient Greek Music: A New Technical History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-47981-3.
Thomas J. Mathiesen (1999). Apollo's Lyre: Greek Music and Music Theory in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-3079-6.

The Greek aulos; a study of its mechanism and of its relation to the modal system of ancient Greek music. - Schlesinger, Kathleen

Simon Goldhill; Robin Osborne (13 June 1999). Performance Culture and Athenian Democracy. 3. Aulos in Athens: Cambridge University Press. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-0-521-64247-7.

William C. Scott (26 September 2000). Musical Design in Sophoclean Theater. Dartmouth College Press. ISBN 978-1-61168-151-2

William C. Scott (26 September 2000). Musical Design in Aeschylean Theater. Dartmouth College Press. ISBN 978-1-61168-181-9.

How did ancient Greek music sound? - BBC News Archived

La musique, en particulier celle de l'aulos, dans le sacrifice en Grèce antique.
S Fleury - 2014 - papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca

Stefan Hagel https://oeaw.academia.edu/StefanHagel

Hagel, S. "Calculating auloi–the Louvre aulos scale." E. Hickmann/R. Eichmann (edd.), Studien zur Musikarchäologie 4 (2004): 373-390.

Hagel S. "Better Understanding the Louvre Aulos." Studien zur Musikarchäologie 9 (2014). Orient-Archäologie 33
http://www.academia.edu/29495586/Better_Understanding_the_Louvre_Aulos._Studien_zur_Musikarch%C3%A4ologie_9_2014_._Orient-Arch%C3%A4ologie_33

Naomi A. Weiss (2018). The Music of Tragedy: Performance and Imagination in Euripidean Theater. Chapter 1: Words, Music, and Dance in Archaic Lyric and Classical Tragedy: Univ of California Press. pp. 23–. ISBN 978-0-520-29590-2.

Rosa Andújar; Thomas R. P. Coward; Theodora A. Hadjimichael (5 February 2018). Paths of Song: The Lyric Dimension of Greek Tragedy. De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-057591-0.

A. M. Dale (24 June 2010). Lyric Metres of Greek Drama. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-14756-9.
The lyric metres of Greek drama : Dale, A. M. (Amy Marjorie) - Internet Archive

Irina Windhaber; Peter Anreiter (26 July 2013). Proceedings of the 4th Austrian Students’ Conference of Linguistics. Vereno The BagPipe: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 232–. ISBN 978-1-4438-5088-9.

Giulio Colesanti; Laura Lulli (7 March 2016). Case Studies. E. Rocconni: Traces of Folk Music in Ancient Greek Drama: De Gruyter. pp. 339–. ISBN 978-3-11-042863-6.
(PDF) Traces of Folk Music in Ancient Greek Drama | Eleonora Rocconi - Academia.edu https://bit.ly/2H2dtqb

Review: A Distant Music
Reviewed Work: Ancient Greek Music by M. L. West
Review by: Otto Steinmayer
Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics
Third Series, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Winter, 1997), pp. 223-236 (14 pages)
Published by: Trustees of Boston University
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20163648

 Ancient Greek Folksong Tradition
Antonio Genova
Acta Ant. Hung. 56, 2016, 1–21
DOI: 10.55226.1/068.2016.56.1.1
http://real.mtak.hu/55226/1/068.2016.56.1.1.pdf

Ancient Greek folksong tradition - Research Portal, King's College, London https://bit.ly/2zYNr3Q


[PDF] The Submerged Musicology of Ancient Greece
A Meriani - academia.edu
Giulio Colesanti; Laura Lulli (7 March 2016). Case Studies. De Gruyter. pp. 325–. ISBN 978-3-11-042863-6.

 A Companion to Ancient Greek and Roman Music - Google Books

The new music of the Trojan Women PDF
Autores: Luigi Battezzato
Localización: Lexis: Poética, retórica e comunicaciones nella tradizione classica, ISSN 2210-8823, Nº 23, 2005, págs. 73-104.PDF -The new music of the Trojan Women.


Ercoles, Marco. (2020). Music in Classical Greek Drama. 10.1002/9781119275510.ch10. 
https://books.google.me/books/publisher/content?id=st_qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131

Moore, Timothy. (2022). Ancient Plays: Are They Musicals?. Greek and Roman Musical Studies. 1-21. 10.1163/22129758-bja10045. 
Ancient Plays: Are They Musicals?

The Iambic Trimeter in Aeschylus and Sophocles: A Study in Metrical Form - Seth L. Schein - Google Books [Iambic Trimeter was the Rhythm of Rhetoric].

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