Thymele

The Thymele in ancient Greek theatre was a significant element, primarily serving as an altar to Dionysos, the god of wine, ritual madness, and theatre. Its location and nature were central to the theatrical performances and their religious underpinnings.

Central Placement and Function: The Thymele was typically located at the absolute center of the Orchestra, the circular or nearly circular "dancing place" where the chorus performed their songs and dances. This central placement is widely supported by archaeological evidence, such as the clear circular stone base found in the Orchestra of the Ancient Theatre of Epidaurus. As a focal point, the Thymele was not merely a decorative element but served multiple functions:

• Religious Significance: It was a site for religious rituals and sacrifices dedicated to Dionysus, underscoring the deep connection between Greek drama and religious observance. The very word "thymele" shares its root with the Greek verb "thýō" ($\theta \acute{u}\omega$), meaning "to sacrifice" or "to offer a burnt offering," further emphasizing its sacred purpose. Interestingly, this root is also shared with "thyme" ($\theta \acute{u}\mu o\varsigma$), a plant often used in sacrifices and burned as incense.
• Performance Hub: The Thymele also served as a practical platform. The chorus leader (coryphaeus) or a musician, such as a flute player, would sometimes stand on its stepped base. This elevated position provided better visibility for the performer and enhanced acoustic projection within the open-air theatre.

Evolution of Mobility: While the fully developed Thymele is generally understood to have been a fixed and integral part of the Orchestra in permanent stone theatres, its nature may have evolved over time:

• Early Forms: In earlier, more rudimentary iterations of Greek theatre, the Thymele might have been a smaller, potentially movable altar used for sacrifices. This suggests a more flexible arrangement before the establishment of formalized theatre architecture.
• Fixed Structure: As theatre architecture advanced and permanent stone structures became common, the Thymele became a more fixed and integrated element of the Orchestra. Its central, permanent placement reinforced its symbolic and practical importance within the theatrical space.

In summary, the Thymele was a foundational element of the ancient Greek theatre, strategically placed at the heart of the Orchestra. It served as a vital link between the dramatic performance and its religious origins, evolving from potentially movable altars in early forms to a fixed and significant structure in later, more developed theatres.