Bust of Euripides: Neues Museum Berlin |
[1458b] [20] For instance, Aeschylus and Euripides wrote the same iambic line with the change of one word only, a rare word in place of one made ordinary by custom, yet the one line seems beautiful and the other trivial. Aeschylus in the Philoctetes wrote, "The ulcer eats the flesh of this my foot," and Euripides instead of "eats" put "feasts upon."
[1460b] Sophocles said that he portrayed people as they ought to be and Euripides portrayed them as they are.
Euripides' plays manifest an Athenocentricism, praising Athenians' love of beauty, the grace of its citizens and its superior cultural life. He praises Athenian justice and its ancestral bloodlines. He even praises the intelligence of Athens' slaves, as advisers and tutors. Many are superior to those who are free.
In 431 BC it is estimated 300,000 persons lived in Athens, of which metics [immigrants] comprised 25,000 and slaves 100,000.
Euripides liked to set his plays in lands wherever the Greeks might go whether that was the central Greek landscapes with its cities and shrines or Egypt, Colchis, Thrace and Crimea. He liked to cast his tragedies with multi-ethnic characters: for example, eunuchs from Phrygia or Phoenicia on their way to Delphi and its Oracle.
Some see Euripides as the destroyer of the classical Greek tragic theatre that was Sophocles and Aeschylus. Others see that he incorporated radical innovations into its medium. He had several major themes: he seems seriously to have been against the follies of war; many of his plays concern the injustices done to women; as far as the Greek religious experience is concerned he is utterly religiously sceptic, can that religion be reconciled in any way with the reality of human life.
References
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Knobl, Ranja (2008) Biographical representations of Euripides. Some examples of their development from classical antiquity to Byzantium, Durham theses, Durham University.
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Knobl, Ranja (2008) Biographical representations of Euripides. Some examples of their development from classical antiquity to Byzantium, Durham theses, Durham University.
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P. E. Easterling; E. W. Handley (9 May 1985). The Cambridge History of Classical Literature: Volume 1, Greek Literature. Chapter 10 Tragedy - 5. Euripides: Cambridge University Press. pp. 316–. ISBN 978-0-521-21042-3.
Gilbert Murray. Euripides and His Age. Library of Alexandria. ISBN 978-1-4655-7904-1.
Gilbert Murray (1946). Euripides and His Age. Library of Alexandria. ISBN 978-1-4655-7904-1.
Euripides and His Age by Gilbert Murray
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Simon Hornblower; Antony Spawforth; Esther Eidinow (29 March 2012). The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Euripides: OUP Oxford. pp. 551–3. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8.Nigel Wilson (31 October 2013). Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece. Euripides: Taylor & Francis. pp. 281–. ISBN 978-1-136-78799-7.
Günther Zuntz (1955). The Political Plays of Euripides. Manchester University Press
Euripides : comprehensive research and study guide - Internet Archive
Günther Zuntz (1955). The Political Plays of Euripides. Manchester University Press
Euripides : comprehensive research and study guide - Internet Archive
Laura K. McClure (17 January 2017). A Companion to Euripides. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-119-25750-9.
Brill's Companion to the Reception of Euripides. BRILL. 17 September 2015. ISBN 978-90-04-29981-8.
Michael A. Lloyd; Senior Lecturer in Classics Michael Lloyd, Cap (1992). The Agon in Euripides. Clarendon Press. pp. 7–. ISBN 978-0-19-814778-7.
Euripides (2013). Delphi Complete Works of Euripides (Illustrated). Delphi Classics. ISBN 978-1-909496-47-7.
Michael A. Lloyd; Senior Lecturer in Classics Michael Lloyd, Cap (1992). The Agon in Euripides. Clarendon Press. pp. 7–. ISBN 978-0-19-814778-7.
Euripides (2013). Delphi Complete Works of Euripides (Illustrated). Delphi Classics. ISBN 978-1-909496-47-7.
Anne Pippin Burnett (1985). Catastrophe Survived: Euripides' Plays of Mixed Reversal. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814038-2.
The imagery of Euripides : a study in the dramatic use of pictorial language
Euripides NJ Lowe - Narrators, Narratees, and Narratives in Ancient Greek 2004
Henry Grey (F.R.B.S.) (1881). The classics for the million, an epitome, in English, of the works of the principal Greek and Latin authors. Euripides. pp. 55–.
William Bodham Donne (1872). Euripides.
The Hippolytus of Euripides, ed. by J.P. Mahaffy and J.B. Bury - Euripides
Euripides (1867). The Crowned Hippolytus of Euripides, together with a selection from the pastoral and Lyric poets of Greece, tr. into Engl. verse by M.P. Fitz-Gerald.
Euripides and His Age - Euripides Gilbert Murray
Euripides and His Age - Wikisource
Euripides' Bacchae, Classical Drama and Theatre
Euripides - Perseus
Ian C. Storey; Arlene Allan (2008). A Guide to Ancient Greek Drama. Play Synopses: Euripides: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 258–. ISBN 978-1-4051-3763-8.
Victoria Wohl (2015). Euripides and the Politics of Form. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-6640-3.
Alan Beale (25 February 2014). Euripides Talks. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-4725-2129-3.
Anne Norris Michelini (2006). Euripides and the Tragic Tradition. Univ of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-10764-2.
Victoria Wohl (2015). Euripides and the Politics of Form. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-6640-3.
Alan Beale (25 February 2014). Euripides Talks. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-4725-2129-3.
Anne Norris Michelini (2006). Euripides and the Tragic Tradition. Univ of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-10764-2.
Philip Vellacott (12 June 1975). Ironic Drama: A Study of Euripides' Method and Meaning. CUP Archive. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-521-09896-0.
Neil T. Croally (20 October 1994). Euripidean Polemic: The Trojan Women and the Function of Tragedy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-46490-1.
Euripidean Tragedy and Theology - D.J. Mastronarde
Donald J. Mastronarde (2010). The Art of Euripides: Dramatic Technique and Social Context. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-48688-0.
Laura K. McClure (17 January 2017). A Companion to Euripides. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-119-25750-9.
Directions in Euripidean Criticism - Internet Archive
A concordance to Euripides : Allen, James Turney, b. 1873 - Internet Archive https://bit.ly/3dCVTEr
Supplement to the Allen & Italie concordance to Euripides : Collard, C. - Internet Archive https://bit.ly/2YSbzzx
Michael Halleran (17 June 2014). Stagecraft in Euripides (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-80030-9.
David Seale (2014). Vision and Stagecraft in Sophocles. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-18174-5.
Justina Gregory (28 July 1997). Euripides and the Instruction of the Athenians. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08443-7.
Harvey Yunis (1988). A New Creed: Fundamental Religious Beliefs in the Athenian Polis and Euripidean Drama. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-525-25190-4.
The Tragic Drama Of The Greeks : A.E. Haigh - Internet Archive Euripides
David Bain. (1990). Religion in Euripides [Review of A New Creed: Fundamental Religious Beliefs in the Athenian Polis and Euripidean Drama, by Harvey Yunis]. The Classical Review, 40(2), 221–223. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3066047
A New Creed - Google Books https://bit.ly/3svbHls
Dodds, E. R. “Euripides the Irrationalist. (A Paper Read before the Classical Association, April 12, 1929).” The Classical Review, vol. 43, no. 3, 1929, pp. 97–104. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/700798.
The Political Plays of Euripides - Google Books
Burian, P., ed. Directions in Euripidean Criticism (1985)
Collard C. Euripides (Greece and Rome Surveys in the Classics n. 14) (1981)
Foley, H. Ritual Irony: Poetry and Sacrifice in Euripides (1985)
Halleran, M. Stagecraft in Euripides (1985)
Michelini, A.N. Euripides and the Tragic Tradition (1987)
Segal, C. Dionysiac Poetics and Euripides' Bacchae (1982)
Segal, E., ed. Euripides
Velacott, P. Ironic Drama: A Study of Euripides (1975)
Winnington-Ingram, R. Euripides and Dionysus: An Interpretation of the Bacchae (1948)
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jR-6zgEACAAJ&dq=Euripides+and+Dionysus+:+An+Interpretation+of+the+Bacchae&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwin27Pt2Mz_AhUMg1wKHXfoAxcQ6AF6BAgBEAI
The Music of Tragedy: Performance and Imagination in Euripidean Theater
Naomi A. Weiss
Copyright Date: 2018
Edition: 1
Published by: University of California Press
Pages: 304
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1x3s3tx
Naomi A. Weiss (2018). The Music of Tragedy: Performance and Imagination in Euripidean Theater. Univ of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-29590-2.
Euripidean Tragedy and Genre: The Terminology and its Problems
DONALD J. MASTRONARDE
Illinois Classical Studies
Vol. 24/25, Euripides and Tragic Theatre in the Late Fifth Century (1999-2000), pp. 23-39 (17 pages)
Published by: University of Illinois Press
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23065356
'Impiety' and 'Atheism' in Euripides' Dramas
Mary R. Lefkowitz
The Classical Quarterly
Vol. 39, No. 1 (1989), pp. 70-82
Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Classical Association
https://www.jstor.org/stable/639242
COMEDY, EURIPIDES, AND THE WAR(S)
IAN C. STOREY
Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement
No. 87, GREEK DRAMA III: ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF KEVIN LEE (2006), pp. 171-186
Published by: Oxford University Press
https://www.jstor.org/stable/43768117
Euripides and Tragic Theatre in the Late Fifth Century
Illinois Classical Studies
Vol. 24/25, 1999-2000
Published by: University of Illinois Press
https://www.jstor.org/stable/i23065276
Euripidean Drama: Myth, Theme and Structure
D. J. Conacher
Series: Heritage
Copyright Date: 1967
Published by: University of Toronto Press
Pages: 372
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctt1gxxrjr
Collard, C. “Formal Debates in Euripides' Drama.” Greece & Rome, vol. 22, no. 1, 1975, pp. 58–71. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/642833.
Desmond J. Conacher (15 December 1967). Euripidean Drama: Myth, Theme and Structure. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division. ISBN 978-1-4426-3759-7.
Euripidean drama : myth, theme and structure : Conacher, D. J - Internet Archive
Shirley D. Sullivan (24 April 2000). Euripides' Use of Psychological Terminology. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. ISBN 978-0-7735-6843-3.
Annotated Versions of Plays by Euripides
Euripides (20 September 2001). The Trojan Women and Other Plays. Oxford World's Classics. Hecuba, The Trojan Women, Andromache: OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-160618-2.
[9780192839879]
Euripides (1998). Medea and Other Plays. Medea, Hippolytus, Electra, Helen: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-282442-4.
Euripides, (2008). Bacchae and Other Plays. Oxford World's Classics. Iphigenia among the Taurians, Bacchae, Iphigenia at Aulis, Rhesus: OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-954052-5.
Euripides; James Morwood (2001). Orestes and Other Plays. Oxford World's Classics. Ion, Orestes, The Phoenician Women, The Suppliant Women: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-283260-3.
Alcestis
Written 438 B.C.E
Translated by Richard Aldington
Andromache
Written 428-24 B.C.E
Translated by E. P. Coleridge
The Bacchantes
Written 410 B.C.E
The Cyclops
Written ca. 408 B.C.E
Translated by E. P. Coleridge
Electra
Written 420-410 B.C.E
Translated by E. P. Coleridge
Hecuba
Written 424 B.C.E
Translated by E. P. Coleridge
Helen
Written 412 B.C.E
Translated by E. P. Coleridge
The Heracleidae
Written ca. 429 B.C.E
Translated by E. P. Coleridge
Heracles
Written 421-416 B.C.E
Translated by E. P. Coleridge
Hippolytus
Written 428 B.C.E
Translated by E. P. Coleridge
Ion
Written 414-412 B.C.E
Translated by Robert Potter
Iphigenia At Aulis
Written 410 B.C.E
Iphigenia in Tauris
Written 414-412 B.C.E
Translated by Robert Potter
Medea
Written 431 B.C.E
Translated by E. P. Coleridge
Orestes
Written 408 B.C.E
Translated by E. P. Coleridge
The Phoenissae
Written 411-409 B.C.E
Translated by E. P. Coleridge
Rhesus
Written 450 B.C.E
The Suppliants
Written 422 B.C.E
Translated by E. P. Coleridge
The Trojan Women
Written 415 B.C.E
Euripides I :
Euripides II :
Euripides III : Hecuba, Andromache, The Trojan Women, Ion
Euripides IV:
Euripides; Richmond Alexander Lattimore; David Grene (1958). Euripides IV. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-30783-1.
Euripides V
Methuen
Euripides Plays 1: Medea, The Phoenician Women. Bacchae ISBN 978-0413175502
Euripides Plays 2: Hecuba, The Women of Troy, Iphigenia at Aulis, Cyclops ISBN 978-0413164209
Euripides Plays 3: Alkestis, Helen, Ion ISBN 978-0413716200
Euripides Plays 4: Elektra, Orestes, Iphigeneia in Tauris ISBN 978-0413716309
Euripides Plays 5: Andromache, Herakles' Children, Herakles ISBN 978-0413716309
Euripides Plays 6: Hippolytos, Suppliants, Rhesos ISBN 978-0413716507
Wikisource
Works
- Alcestis (438 BCE)
- Alcestis, trans. by Edward P. Coleridge in The Plays of Euripides (1910)
- Alcestis, trans. by Gilbert Murray (1915)
- Medea (431 BCE) C. B. Heberden translation (pre-1888)
- Medea, trans. by E. P. Coleridge in The Plays of Euripides (1910)
- Heracleidae (~430 BCE)
- Heracleidae, trans. by E. P. Coleridge in The Plays of Euripides (1910)
- Heracleidae, trans. by Gilbert Murray
- Hippolytus (428 BC)
- Hippolytus, trans. by E. P. Coleridge in The Plays of Euripides (1910)
- Andromache (~425 BCE), trans. by E. P. Coleridge (> 1913?)
- Hecuba (~424 BCE)
- The Suppliants (~423 BCE)
- The Suppliants, trans. by E. P. Coleridge in The Plays of Euripides (1910)
- Electra (Euripides) (~420 BCE)
- Heracles (~416 BCE)
- The Trojan Women (~415 BCE), trans. by Gilbert Murray
- Ion (~414 BCE)
- Ion, trans. by E. P. Coleridge in The Plays of Euripides (1910)
- Iphigenia in Tauris, trans. by C. S. Jerram, pre-1888
- Iphigenia in Tauris, trans. by Gilbert Murray
- Helena (~412 BCE), trans. by C. S. Jerram in 1892
- Phoenician Women (~410 BCE)
- Orestes (408 BCE)
- The Bacchantes, trans. by E. P. Coleridge (1907 edition)
- Iphigeneia at Aulis (405 BCE), trans. by Theodore Alois Buckley
- The Cyclops (5th century), trans. by Percy Bysshe Shelley
- Rhesus (disputed)
- Rhesus, trans. by Edward P. Coleridge in The Plays of Euripides (1910)
- Character of Capaneus
- Perseus Search Results for Euripides
Compilations
The Plays of Euripides, translated by Edward P. Coleridge
Vol. 1 (1910) Vol. 2 (1913)
https://archive.org/details/playseuripides00colegoog/page/n11/mode/2up
Gilbert Murray TranslationsVolume I Hippolytus -- The Trojan Women -- The Bacchae
Volume II Medea -- Iphigenia in Tauris -- Electra
Works by Euripides on Project Gutenberg
- Alcestis (English) (as Author)
- The Bacchae of Euripides (English) (as Author)
- Book of illustrations : Ancient Tragedy (English) (as Author)
- The Electra of Euripides
Translated into English rhyming verse (English) (as Author) - Hippolytus; The Bacchae (English) (as Author)
- The Iphigenia in Tauris of Euripides (English) (as Author)
- Medea of Euripides (English) (as Author)
- The Rhesus of Euripides (English) (as Author)
- The Tragedies of Euripides, Volume I. (English) (as Author)
- The Trojan women of Euripides (English) (as Author)
- The Trojan Women of Euripides (English) (as Author)
- Άλκηστις (Greek) (as Author)
- Ανδρομάχη (Greek) (as Author)
- Ηλέκτρα (Greek) (as Author)
- Ιφιγένεια εν Αυλίδι (Greek) (as Author)
- Ίων (Greek) (as Author)
- Κύκλωψ (Greek) (as Author)
- Ορέστης (Greek) (as Author)
Wikipedia Articles on Euripides' Plays
Cyclops
Bibliography
grk-24-2017-euripides-bacchae-syllabus-march-2017 [pdf]
Euripides - Classics - Oxford Bibliographies https://bit.ly/3mWcABy
Bibliography
grk-24-2017-euripides-bacchae-syllabus-march-2017 [pdf]
Euripides - Classics - Oxford Bibliographies https://bit.ly/3mWcABy
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